Opioids: no study showed improved long-term outcome for non-malignant pain and likely worsens pain

Although exercise therapy (e.g., aerobic, aquatic, resistance exercises) and mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga, tai chi) can have great benefit to patients with chronic pain, behavioral health interventions, including CBT, may also be beneficial for reducing pain. Face-to-face psychotherapy has been shown to result in sustained improvement in chronic pain. A systematic review of 32 trials and 4,924 patients demonstrates that remotely delivered CBT may be effective for reducing pain and improving functional ability; however, it is unclear if these effects are sustained.